The , Defence Headquarters, Ulinzi House has ly published the Concept Note for the Fourth Summit on Responsible use of AI in the Military Domain (REAIM 2027), scheduled for 14–15 April 2027 at the Bomas International Conference Centre (BICC), Nairobi.
The Concept Note formally establishes the central theme for the Nairobi Summit:
"Strengthening Capability for Human Agency."
The document articulates the authoritative definition of Human Agency:
"The practical ability to understand a system, judge its capabilities and limitations, determine the conditions for its use, question or reject its outputs, and intervene when necessary."
The Concept Note outlines the justification for this overarching framing:
1. Capability & Capacity Inclusivity: It caters directly to the global imperative for capability and capacity development across nations at diverse stages of technological readiness, particularly within the Global South and emerging economies.
2. Comprehensive Assurance: Human agency is fundamentally inseparable from assurance. It incorporates rigorous testing, evaluation, validation, and real-time operational monitoring to verify that military AI systems remain safe, reliable, fair, transparent, and compliant with international humanitarian law (IHL) and national command accountability.
The substantive agenda is structured across three core pillars:
- Pillar 1: Capacity and Capability — Developing sovereign compute infrastructure, regional data commons, technical talent in defence academies, and multilateral testing facilities.
- Pillar 2: AI-Enabled Decision Making and Human Control — Preserving meaningful human control, human intent, situational awareness, and informed command judgement in operational workflows.
- Pillar 3: Assurance, Safeguards and Responsibility — Advancing legal Article 36 reviews, supplier lifecycle requirements, independent verification, and multilateral confidence-building measures.
The full provisional Concept Note is available for download via the Summit Documents repository.
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